Legal Consideration in Implementing Artificial Intelligence when Dealing with Patients in Healthcare Services
Keywords:
artificial intelligence, healthcare, legal concern, medical
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is applied in large activities of daily life. However, besides the positive sides of AI, there are still many legal concerns about implementing AI in medical practice and healthcare services. Ethical consideration needs legal background involvement. This paper aims to describe the legal consideration in implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) when dealing with patients in healthcare services. This is a narrative literature review. Literature was searched from Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The inclusion criteria are research and review. The exclusion criteria are unavailable in full-text journals. The articles were read twice to reduce the possibility of bias. Finally, the selected articles were summarized and narrated in a review. Possible pitfalls in legal concerns when using Artificial Intelligence when dealing with patients include patient privacy, data sharing, rigorous testing procedure, and expensive process. Unification and harmonization of legal regimes have to be applied for legal regulation. Non-discriminative principles are required to ensure legal liability. Legal concerns about implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare services include patient privacy, data sharing, and testing procedure. Legal liability should be ensured by non-discriminative principles.
References
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Alahmari, Abdulwahab F. “Artificial Intelligence in Radiology.” International Journal of Radiology 6, no. 1 (2019): 231–33. https://doi.org/10.17554/j.issn.2313-3406.2019.06.73.
Alizadehsani, R, M Roshanzamir, M Abdar, A Beykikhoshk, A Khosravi, and M Panahiazar. “A Database for Using Machine Learning and Data Mining Techniques for Coronary Artery Disease Diagnosis.” Scientific Data 6, no. 227 (2019): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0206-3.
Baidoshvili, Alexi, Anca Bucur, Jasper van Leeuwen, Jeroen van der Laak, Philip Kluin, and Paul J van Diest. “Evaluating the Benefits of Digital Pathology Implementation: Time Savings in Laboratory Logistics.” Histopathology 73 (2022): 784–94.
Cohen, I Glenn. “Informed Consent and Medical Artificial Intelligence: What to Tell the Patient ?” The Georgetown Law Journal 108 (2020): 1425–69.
Dipla, Victoria. “Bioethica AI and the Healthcare Sector: Industry, Legal and Ethical Issues.” Bioethica 7, no. 1 (2021): 34–45.
Gurung, Arun Bahadur, Mohammad Ajmal Ali, Joongku Lee, Mohammad Abul Farah, and Khalid Mashay Al-anazi. “An Updated Review of Computer-Aided Drug Design and Its Application to COVID-19.” BioMed Research International, 2021, 1–18.
Hakim, Hary Abdul, Chrisna Bagus Edhita Praja, and Hardianto Djanggih. “The Urgency on Designing the Legislation for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Indonesian Medical Practice.” Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 21, no. 4 (2021): 541–50.
Hamamoto, Ryuji, Kruthi Suvarna, Masayoshi Yamada, Kazuma Kobayashi, Norio Shinkai, Mototaka Miyake, Masamichi Takahashi, et al. “Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Oncology : Towards the Establishment Of.” Cancers 12 (2020): 1–33.
Hashimoto, Daniel A, Massachusetts General Hospital, Guy Rosman, and Ozanan R Meireles. “Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: Promises and Perils.” Annals of Surgery 268, no. 1 (2018): 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002693.
Laptev, Vasiliy Andreevich, Inna Vladimirovna Ershova, and Feyzrakhmanova Daria Rinatovna. “Medical Applications of Artificial Intelligence (Legal Aspects and Future Prospects).” Laws 11, no. 3 (2022): 1–18.
Le, Sidney, Jana Hoffman, Christopher Barton, Julie C Fitzgerald, Angier Allen, Emily Pellegrini, Jacob Calvert, and Ritankar Das. “Pediatric Severe Sepsis Prediction Using Machine Learning.” Frontiers in Pediatrics 7, no. October (2019): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00413.
Luca, A, and T Marsella. “Letter The Italian Supreme Court Joint Sections Set Forth the Inter- Pretative Underpinnings of the ‘ Gelli-Bianco ’ Law : Varying Degrees of Guilt Aimed at Limiting Medical Liability , Article 2236 c . c . Makes a Comeback.” Clin Ter 172, no. 5 (2021): 425–26. https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2021.2352.
Marlicz, Wojciech, George Koulaouzidis, and Anastasios Koulaouzidis. “Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology — Walking into the Room of Little Miracles.” Journal of Clinical Medicine 9 (2020): 7–10.
Matheny, Michael, Sonoo Thadaney Israni, and Mahnoor Ahmed. “Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril.” In National Academy of Medicine, 2019.
McBee, Morgan P., Omer A. Awan, Andrew T. Colucc, Comeron W. Ghobadi, Nadja Kadom, Akash P. Kansagra, Srini Tridandapan, and William F. Auffermann. “Deep Learning in Radiology.” Academic Radiology 25, no. 11 (2018): 1472–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2018.02.018.
Mukhopadhyay, Sanjay, Michael D Feldman, Esther Abels, Christopher A Moskaluk, Mischa Nelis, Deepa T Patil, Mohammad H Saboorian, Mauricio Salicru, and Mark A Samols. “Whole Slide Imaging Versus Microscopy for Primary Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology : A Multicenter Blinded Randomized Noninferiority Study of 1992 CAses (Pivotal Study).” Article in The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · 42 (2018): 39–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0000000000000948.
Robboy, Stanley J., Saurabh Gupta, James M. Crawford, Michael B. Cohen, Donald S. Karche, Debra G. B. Leonard, Barbarajean Magnani, et al. “The Pathologist Workforce in the United States.” Arch Pathol Lab Med 139 (2015): 1413–30. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2014-0559-OA.
Serag, Ahmed, Adrian Ion-margineanu, Hammad Qureshi, Ryan Mcmillan, Marie-judith Saint Martin, Jim Diamond, Paul O Reilly, and Peter Hamilton. “Translational AI and Deep Learning in Diagnostic Pathology.” Frontiers in Medicine 6, no. October (2019): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00185.
Silva, Da, Systematic Reviews, Michael Da Silva, Tanya Horsley, Devin Singh, Emily Da Silva, Valentina Ly, et al. “Legal Concerns in Health ‑ Related Artificial Intelligence : A Scoping Review Protocol.” Systematic Reviews, 2022, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-01939-y.
Tozzo, P, F Angiola, A Gabbin, C Politi, and L Caenazzo. “The Difficult Role of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Liability: To Err Is Not Only Human.” Clin Ter 172, no. 6 (2021): 527–28. https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2021.2372.
Wu, Chao, Xiaonan Zhao, Mark Welsh, Kellianne Costello, Kajia Cao, and Ahmad Abou Tayoun. “Using Machine Learning to Identify True Somatic Variants from Next-Generation Sequencing.” Molecular Diagnostics and Genetics 66, no. 1 (2020): 239–46. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2019.308213.
Published
2023-06-21
How to Cite
Yuliana, Y. (2023). Legal Consideration in Implementing Artificial Intelligence when Dealing with Patients in Healthcare Services. SAPIENTIA ET VIRTUS, 8(1), Hal 210-224. https://doi.org/10.37477/sev.v8i1.416
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