Unpacking Lean Six Sigma Practice: A Systematic Literature Review of Performance Outcomes and Implementation Challenges (2020–2025)

Tolu Tamalika; Azhari; Deri Maryadi

doi:10.37477/isejou.v4i1.860

Authors

Tolu Tamalika Industrial Engineering, Universitas Tridinanti
Azhari Industrial Engineering, Universitas Tridinanti
Deri Maryadi Universitas Tridinanti

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37477/isejou.v4i1.860

Keywords:

Lean Six Sigma, performance outcomes, implementation challenges, digital transformation, sustainability, hybrid frameworks

Abstract

This study presents a Systematic Literature Review of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) implementation from 2020 to 2025, focusing on performance outcomes, implementation challenges, and emerging trends shaping LSS's evolution in modern industries. The findings reveal that LSS consistently improves product quality, productivity, defect reduction, cost efficiency, and lead-time performance across multiple sectors. Key novelty elements include the rise of Digital Lean Six Sigma (DLSS), the integration of LSS with sustainability objectives, and the development of hybrid frameworks combining LSS with complementary improvement methodologies. However, several limitations persist, including data availability issues, human resource resistance, misalignment between Lean and Six Sigma tools, and the scarcity of longitudinal studies evaluating long-term improvement retention. These insights underscore the need for stronger organizational readiness, digital capability, and a continuous improvement in culture to ensure successful LSS deployment. Future research should expand empirical investigations within public service sectors, explore deeper integration between LSS and advanced digital technologies, and develop long-term assessment models tomeasure the sustainability of improvement outcomes.

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